PSG has now won the prestigious cup on 14 separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the net early on.
Yet, Marseille struck two times late to take a surprise advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital leveler in the final seconds to send the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping crucial kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 shootout victory.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the last thirteen seasons.